جُمْلَةٌ إِسْمِيَّةٌ
- جُمْلَةٌ إِسْمِيَّةٌ is a جُمْلَةٌ خَبَرِيَّةٌ.
- جُمْلَةٌ خَبَرِيَّةٌ : It is that sentence, which has the possibility of being true of false. e.g. ‘The house is big’ – This statement can be judged as true or false, so it is جُمْلَةٌ خَبَرِيَّةٌ.
Rules
The definition of a جُمْلَةٌ إِسْمِيَّةٌ is that it is that sentence which usually begins with an اِسْمٌ.
1. What is the جُمْلَةٌ إِسْمِيَّةٌ made up of?
In جُمْلَةٌ إِسْمِيَّةٌ there are three parts:
- مُبْتَدأٌ : Subject of the sentence i.e the part about which information is being given (Sometimes this is called the مُسْنَدٌ إِلَيْهِ).
- خَبَرٌ : Predicate i.e the part giving the information (Sometimes this is called the مُسْنَدٌ).
- مُتَعَلِّقٌ بِالْخَبَرِ : is the part connected to the خَبَر and completes its meaning, but it is not the خَبَرٌ itself. )
2. In what forms do مُتَعَلِّقٌ بِالْخَبَرِ ,خَبَرٌ ,مُبْتَدأٌ appear in a sentence?
- The مُبْتَدأٌ can be a single اِسْمٌ or a phrase.
- The خَبَرٌ can be a single word, phrase or even a sentence.
- The مُتَعَلِّقٌ بِالْخَبَرِ will be either ظَرْفٌ (only some) or مُرَكَّبٌ جَارِّيٌّ) جارٌّ وَمَجْرُورٌ) phrase.
- ظَرْفٌ (plural ظُرُوفٌ) denote time and space.
- ظُرُوفٌ function almost always as مُضَافٌ, and therefore require a مُضَافٌ إِلَيْهِ to complete their meaning.
As stated only some of the ظُرُوفٌ are مُتَعَلِّقٌ بِالْخَبَرِ. These are highlighted below:
| ظَرْفٌ | Meaning |
|---|---|
| فَوْقَ | above |
| قَبْلَ | before |
| بَيْنَ | between |
| غَيْر | other than |
| عِنْدَ | with at has by/besides |
| كُلّ | each all every the whole |
| تَحْتَ | below |
| أَمَامَ | in front of |
| وَرآءَ | behind beyond |
| أَيّ | which any |
| حَوْلَ | around surrounding |
| مَعَ | with |
| بَعْدَ | after |
| خَلْفَ | behind |
| لَدُنْ | especially from |
| قُدّامَ (This is not in Quran) | which any |
| بَعْضَ | some some of |
| دُوْنَ | besides other than |
3. What are the mandatory parts required to form a جُمْلَةٌ إِسْمِيَّةٌ ?
- The جُمْلَةٌ إِسْمِيَّةٌ must always have a مُبْتَدأٌ
- The جُمْلَةٌ إِسْمِيَّةٌ must at least have either a خَبَرٌ or a مُتَعَلِّقٌ بِالْخَبَرِ
- The جُمْلَةٌ إِسْمِيَّةٌ may also have both خَبَرٌ and مُتَعَلِّقٌ بِالْخَبَرِ
- The جُمْلَةٌ إِسْمِيَّةٌ may have more than one خَبَرٌ
4. In what order do مُتَعَلِّقٌ بِالْخَبَرِ ,خَبَرٌ ,مُبْتَدأٌ appear in a جُمْلَةٌ اِسْمِيَّةٌ ?
The usual order of جُمْلَةٌ إِسْمِيَّةٌ is (1) مُتَعَلِّقٌ بِالْخَبَرِ (3) خَبَرٌ (2) مُبْتَدأٌ
5. What are the إِعْرابٌ of مُتَعَلِّقٌ بِالْخَبَرِ ,خَبَرٌ ,مُبْتَدأٌ?
- The إِعْرابٌ of مُبْتَدَأُ is usually مَرْفُوعٌ (in the رَفْعٌ state). The only time it wont be مَرْفُوعٌ is when it is part of a حَرْفٌ نَصْبٍ.
- The إِعْرابٌ of خَبَرُ is usually مَرْفُوعٌ (in the رَفْعٌ state).
- The إِعْرابٌ ofمُتَعَلِّقٌ بِالْخَبَرِ depends on what it is, i.e. ظَرْفٌ or مُرَكَّبٌ جَارِّيٌّ (phrase جارٌّ وَمَجْرُورٌ )
6. What are the قَسْمٌ of the parts ?
- The قَسْمٌ of مُبْتَدأٌ is usually مَعْرِفَةٌ (proper).
- The قَسْمٌ of خَبَرٌ is usually نَكِرةٌ (Common).
- The قَسْمٌ ofمُتَعَلِّقٌ بِالْخَبَرِ can be مَعْرِفَةٌ or نَكِرَةٌ, depending on its construction of ظَرْفٌ or مُرَكَّبٌ جَارِّيٌّ (phrase جارٌّ وَمَجْرُورٌ ).
Examples
Lets do some examples to reinforce some of the rules.
Example 1:
ٱللهُ لَطِيفٌ بِعِبَادِهِ
Allah is Gentle with His servants. [42:19]
| Breakdown | |
|---|---|
| ٱللهُ Allah | لَفْظُ الْجَلَالَةِ is a مُبْتَدأٌ. It is an اِسْمٌ which is مَرْفُوعٌ and مَعْرِفَةٌ. جُمْلَةٌ إِسْمِيَّةٌ Part: مُبْتَدأٌ Part type: اِسْمٌ مَرْفُوعٌ : إِعْرابٌ (usual) مَعْرِفَةٌ : قَسْمٌ (usual) |
| لَطِيفٌ Gentle | لَطِيفٌ is a خَبَرٌ. It is an اِسْمٌ which is مَرْفُوعٌ and نَكِرةٌ. جُمْلَةٌ إِسْمِيَّةٌ Part: خَبَرٌ Part type: اِسْمٌ مَرْفُوعٌ : إِعْرابٌ (usual) نَكِرةٌ : قَسْمٌ (usual) |
| بِعِبَادِهِ with His servants | بِعِبَادِهِ is a مُتَعَلِّقٌ بِالْخَبَرِ. It is a جارٌّ وَمَجْرُورٌ phrase. It also forms an الإِضَافَة withe the attached هِ. جُمْلَةٌ إِسْمِيَّةٌ Part: مُتَعَلِّقٌ بِالْخَبَرِ Part type: جارٌّ وَمَجْرُورٌ (usual) – بِعِبَادِ : جارٌّ وَمَجْرُورٌ (with slave) – The part type is also made up of an عِبَادِهِ : الإِضَافَة(his slave) |
| Order : Usual | |
Example 2:
وَهُوَ الْقَاهِرُ فَوْقَ عِبَادِهِ
And he is the subjugator over his slaves [6:18]
| Breakdown | |
|---|---|
| وَهُوَ and he | وَهُوَ is a مُبْتَدأٌ. It is an اِسْمٌ which is مَرْفُوعٌ and مَعْرِفَةٌ. جُمْلَةٌ إِسْمِيَّةٌ Part: مُبْتَدأٌ Part type: اِسْمٌ مَرْفُوعٌ : إِعْرابٌ (usual) مَعْرِفَةٌ : قَسْمٌ (usual) |
| الْقَاهِرُ the subjugator | الْقَاهِرُ is a خَبَرٌ. It is an اِسْمٌ which is مَرْفُوعٌ and مَعْرِفَةٌ. جُمْلَةٌ إِسْمِيَّةٌ Part: خَبَرٌ Part type: اِسْمٌ مَرْفُوعٌ : إِعْرابٌ (usual) مَعْرِفَةٌ : قَسْمٌ (not usual) |
| فَوْقَ عِبَادِهِ over his slaves | فَوْقَ عِبَادِهِ is a مُتَعَلِّقٌ بِالْخَبَرِ It is an الإِضَافَة phrase. جُمْلَةٌ إِسْمِيَّةٌ Part: مُتَعَلِّقٌ بِالْخَبَرِ Part type: الإِضَافَة (usual) – 1st فَوْقَ عِبَادِ : الإِضَافَة (over slave) – The part type is also made up of a 2nd عِبَادِهِ : الإِضَافَة(his slave) |
| Order : Usual | |
Example 2:
وَهُوَ ٱلْغَفُورُ ٱلْوَدُودُ
And He is the All-Forgiving, All-Loving [85:14]
| Breakdown | |
|---|---|
| وَهُوَ and he | وَهُوَ is a مُبْتَدأٌ. It is an اِسْمٌ which is مَرْفُوعٌ and مَعْرِفَةٌ. جُمْلَةٌ إِسْمِيَّةٌ Part: مُبْتَدأٌ Part type: اِسْمٌ مَرْفُوعٌ : إِعْرابٌ (usual) مَعْرِفَةٌ : قَسْمٌ (usual) |
| ٱلْغَفُورُ the All-Forgiving | ٱلْغَفُورُ is the 1st خَبَرٌ. It is an اِسْمٌ which is مَرْفُوعٌ and مَعْرِفَةٌ. جُمْلَةٌ إِسْمِيَّةٌ Part: 1st خَبَرٌ Part type: اِسْمٌ مَرْفُوعٌ : إِعْرابٌ (usual) مَعْرِفَةٌ : قَسْمٌ (not usual) |
| ٱلْوَدُودُ All-Loving | ٱلْغَفُورُ is the 2nd خَبَرٌ. It is an اِسْمٌ which is مَرْفُوعٌ and مَعْرِفَةٌ. جُمْلَةٌ إِسْمِيَّةٌ Part: 2nd خَبَرٌ Part type: اِسْمٌ مَرْفُوعٌ : إِعْرابٌ (usual) مَعْرِفَةٌ : قَسْمٌ (not usual) |
| Order : Usual | |
There may be deviations to the the usual rules, we will cover these later on the course.