Signs of إِعْرابٌ

إِعْرابٌ (I’raab) is the condition/state (أَحْوالٌ) that occur at the ending of an إِسْمٌ and فِعْلٌ.

The condition/state (أَحْوالٌ) are four:

1. حَالَةُ الرَّفْعِ (for short رَفْعٌ – Raf)
2. حَالَةُ النَّصْبِ (for short نَصْبٌ – Nasb)
3. حَالَةُ الْجَرِّ (for short جَرٌّ – Jarr)
4. حَالَةُ الْجَزْمِ (for short جَزْمٌ – Jazm)

The إِسْمٌ [Ism] can only be in the state of رَفْعٌ or نَصْبٌ or جَرٌّ.

The فَعْلٌ [Fi’l] can only be in the state of رَفْعٌ or نَصْبٌ or جَزْمٌ.

The إِعْرابٌ tells us the role of the إِسْمٌ in a sentence i.e. what is the إِسْمٌ doing in the sentence. More on this in the following lesson, this lesson will focus on how you can identify the states of the إِعْرابٌ i.e. جَزْمٌ , جَرٌّ, نَصْبٌ, رَفْعٌ through its signs.The most common signs are through the signs حَرَكَةٌ and حَرْفُ عِلَّةٍ.

حَالَةُ الرَّفْعِ

حَالَةُ الرَّفْعِ is the state in which the ضَمَّتَيْنِ/ ضَمَّةٌ (حَرَكَةٌ) or its substitute ‘حَرْفُ عِلَّةٍ) ‘و) appears at the end of a word.

Such a word is said to be مَرْفُوعٌ.

Sign	Example
ــُـ ضَمَّةٌ ــّـ ضَمَّتَيْنِ	ٌمُسْلِم a Muslim
و	أَبُوْكَ Your Father

حَالَةُ النَّصْبِ

حَالَةُ النَّصْبِ is the condition in which the فَتْحَتَيْنِ / فَتْحَةٌ (حَرَكَةٌ) or its substitute ‘حَرْفُ عِلَّةٍ) ‘ا) appears at the end of a word.

Such a word is said to be مَنْصُوبٌ.

Sign	Example
ــَـ فَتْحَةٌ ــًـ فَتْحَتَيْنِ	ًمُسْلِما Muslim
ا	أَبَاكَ Your Father

حَالَةُ الْجَرِّ

حَالَةُ الْجَرِّ is the condition in which the (حَرَكَةٌ) كَسْرَتَيْنِ / كَسْرَةٌ or its substitute (حَرْفُ عِلَّةٍ) ‘ي’ appears at the end of a word.

Such a word is said to be مَجْرُورٌ.

Sign	Example
ــِـ كَسْرَةٌ ــٍـ كَسْرَتَيْنِ	ٍمُسْلِم Muslim
ي	أَبِيْكَ Your Father

حَالَةُ الْجَزْمِ

حَالَةُ الْجَزْمِ is the condition in which a سُكُوْنٌ appears at the end of a word or its substitute ن in the case of فِعْلٌ مُضَارِعٌ is dropped from the end.

Such a word is said to be مَجْزُومٌ.

Sign	Example
ــْـ سُكُوْنٌ	ْلَمْ يَضْرِب He did not hit