جُمْلَةٌ إِسْمِيَّةٌ
جُمْلَةٌ إِسْمِيَّةٌ is a جُمْلَةٌ خَبَرِيَّةٌ.
جُمْلَةٌ خَبَرِيَّةٌ : It is that sentence, which has the possibility of being true of false. e.g. ‘The house is big’ – This statement can be judged as true or false, so it is جُمْلَةٌ خَبَرِيَّةٌ.
The definition of a جُمْلَةٌ إِسْمِيَّةٌ is that it is that sentence which usually begins with an اِسْمٌ.
Parts of a جُمْلَةٌ إِسْمِيَّةٌ
In جُمْلَةٌ إِسْمِيَّةٌ there are three parts:
- مُبْتَدأٌ : Subject of the sentence i.e the part about which information is being given (Sometimes this is called the مُسْنَدٌ إِلَيْهِ).
- خَبَرٌ : Predicate i.e the part giving the information (Sometimes this is called the مُسْنَدٌ).
- مُتَعَلِّقٌ بِالْخَبَرِ : is the part connected to the خَبَر and completes its meaning, but it is not the خَبَرٌ itself. )
What forms can مُتَعَلِّقٌ بِالْخَبَرِ ,خَبَرٌ ,مُبْتَدأٌ take in a جُمْلَةٌ إِسْمِيَّةٌ?
The مُتَعَلِّقٌ بِالْخَبَرِ ,خَبَرٌ ,مُبْتَدأٌ take the following forms:
- The مُبْتَدأٌ can be a single اِسْمٌ or a phrase.
- The خَبَرٌ can be a single word, phrase or even a sentence.
- The مُتَعَلِّقٌ بِالْخَبَرِ will be either ظَرْفٌ (only some) or مُرَكَّبٌ جَارِّيٌّ) جارٌّ وَمَجْرُورٌ) phrase.
- ظَرْفٌ (plural ظُرُوفٌ) denote time and space.
- ظُرُوفٌ function almost always as مُضَافٌ, and therefore require a مُضَافٌ إِلَيْهِ to complete their meaning.
As stated only some of the ظُرُوفٌ are مُتَعَلِّقٌ بِالْخَبَرِ. These are highlighted below:
| Meaning | ظَرْفٌ |
|---|---|
| above | فَوْقَ |
| before | قَبْلَ |
| between | بَيْنَ |
| other than | غَيْر |
| with at has by/besides | عِنْدَ |
| each all every the whole | كُلّ |
| below | تَحْتَ |
| in front of | أَمَامَ |
| behind beyond | وَرآءَ |
| which any | أَيّ |
| around surrounding | حَوْلَ |
| with | مَعَ |
| after | بَعْدَ |
| behind | خَلْفَ |
| especially from | لَدُنْ |
| which any | قُدّامَ (This is not in Quran) |
| some some of | بَعْضَ |
| besides other than | دُوْنَ |
What are the mandatory parts required in a جُمْلَةٌ إِسْمِيَّةٌ?
The mandatory parts required for a جُمْلَةٌ إِسْمِيَّةٌ are:
- The جُمْلَةٌ إِسْمِيَّةٌ must always have a مُبْتَدأٌ
- The جُمْلَةٌ إِسْمِيَّةٌ must at least have either a خَبَرٌ or a مُتَعَلِّقٌ بِالْخَبَرِ
- The جُمْلَةٌ إِسْمِيَّةٌ may also have both خَبَرٌ and مُتَعَلِّقٌ بِالْخَبَرِ
- The جُمْلَةٌ إِسْمِيَّةٌ may have more than one خَبَرٌ
What is the usual order of the parts in a جُمْلَةٌ إِسْمِيَّةٌ?
The usual order of جُمْلَةٌ إِسْمِيَّةٌ is (1) مُتَعَلِّقٌ بِالْخَبَرِ (3) خَبَرٌ (2) مُبْتَدأٌ
What إِعْرابٌ do the parts take in a جُمْلَةٌ إِسْمِيَّةٌ?
The إِعْرابٌ of مُتَعَلِّقٌ بِالْخَبَرِ ,خَبَرٌ ,مُبْتَدأٌ are:
- The إِعْرابٌ of مُبْتَدَأُ is usually مَرْفُوعٌ (in the رَفْعٌ state). The only time it wont be مَرْفُوعٌ is when it is part of a حَرْفٌ نَصْبٍ.
- The إِعْرابٌ of خَبَرُ is usually مَرْفُوعٌ (in the رَفْعٌ state).
- The إِعْرابٌ ofمُتَعَلِّقٌ بِالْخَبَرِ depends on what it is, i.e. ظَرْفٌ or مُرَكَّبٌ جَارِّيٌّ (phrase جارٌّ وَمَجْرُورٌ )
What are the قَسْمٌ of the parts in a جُمْلَةٌ إِسْمِيَّةٌ?
The قَسْمٌ of the parts in a جُمْلَةٌ إِسْمِيَّةٌ are:
- The قَسْمٌ of مُبْتَدأٌ is usually مَعْرِفَةٌ (proper).
- The قَسْمٌ of خَبَرٌ is usually نَكِرةٌ (Common).
- The قَسْمٌ ofمُتَعَلِّقٌ بِالْخَبَرِ can be مَعْرِفَةٌ or نَكِرَةٌ, depending on its construction of ظَرْفٌ or مُرَكَّبٌ جَارِّيٌّ (phrase جارٌّ وَمَجْرُورٌ ).
Examples
Let us do some examples to reinforce some of the rules.
Example 1:
ٱللهُ لَطِيفٌ بِعِبَادِهِ
Allah is Gentle with His servants. [42:19]
| Grammatical Analysis | |
|---|---|
| لَفْظُ الْجَلَالَةِ is a مُبْتَدأٌ. It is an اِسْمٌ which is مَرْفُوعٌ and مَعْرِفَةٌ. | ٱللهُ Allah |
| لَطِيفٌ is a خَبَرٌ. It is an اِسْمٌ which is مَرْفُوعٌ and نَكِرةٌ. | لَطِيفٌ Gentle |
| بِعِبَادِهِ is a مُتَعَلِّقٌ بِالْخَبَرِ. It is a جارٌّ وَمَجْرُورٌ phrase i.e. بِعِبَادِ (with slave) It also forms an الإِضَافَة with the attached هِ i.e.n عِبَادِهِ (his slave) | بِعِبَادِهِ with His servants |
| Order : This جُمْلَةٌ إِسْمِيَّةٌ has followed the Usual order of (1) مُتَعَلِّقٌ بِالْخَبَرِ (3) خَبَرٌ (2) مُبْتَدأٌ | |
Example 2:
وَهُوَ الْقَاهِرُ فَوْقَ عِبَادِهِ
And he is the subjugator over his slaves [6:18]
| Grammatical Analysis | |
|---|---|
| وَهُوَ is a مُبْتَدأٌ. It is an اِسْمٌ which is مَرْفُوعٌ and مَعْرِفَةٌ. | وَهُوَ and he |
| الْقَاهِرُ is a خَبَرٌ. It is an اِسْمٌ which is مَرْفُوعٌ and is مَعْرِفَةٌ (not usual) | الْقَاهِرُ the subjugator |
| فَوْقَ عِبَادِهِ is a مُتَعَلِّقٌ بِالْخَبَرِ It is a chain of two الإِضَافَة phrases. – 1st فَوْقَ عِبَادِ : الإِضَافَة (over slave) – 2nd عِبَادِهِ : الإِضَافَة(his slave) | فَوْقَ عِبَادِهِ over his slaves |
| Order : This جُمْلَةٌ إِسْمِيَّةٌ has followed the Usual order of (1) مُتَعَلِّقٌ بِالْخَبَرِ (3) خَبَرٌ (2) مُبْتَدأٌ | |
Example 3:
وَهُوَ ٱلْغَفُورُ ٱلْوَدُودُ
And He is the All-Forgiving, All-Loving [85:14]
| Grammatical Analysis | |
|---|---|
| وَهُوَ is a مُبْتَدأٌ. It is an اِسْمٌ which is مَرْفُوعٌ and مَعْرِفَةٌ. | وَهُوَ and he |
| ٱلْغَفُورُ is the 1st خَبَرٌ. It is an اِسْمٌ which is مَرْفُوعٌ and is مَعْرِفَةٌ (not usual). | ٱلْغَفُورُ the All-Forgiving |
| ٱلْوَدُودُ is the 2nd خَبَرٌ. It is an اِسْمٌ which is مَرْفُوعٌ and is مَعْرِفَةٌ (not usual). | ٱلْوَدُودُ All-Loving |
| Order : This جُمْلَةٌ إِسْمِيَّةٌ has followed the Usual order of (1) مُتَعَلِّقٌ بِالْخَبَرِ (3) خَبَرٌ (2) مُبْتَدأٌ | |