Lightest Present Tense (مَجْزُوْمٌ)
When certain حَرفُ precede the اَلْفِعْلُ الْمُضَارِعُ then the اَلْفِعْلُ الْمُضَارِعُ takes the light (مَجْزُوْمٌ) form. These حُرُوفُ are called the حُرُوفُ جَازِمَةُ الْمُضَارِعِ.
حُرُوفُ جَازِمَةُ الْمُضَارِعِ
The following حُرُوفُ make the present tense lightest (مَجْزُوْمٌ):
| حَرفُ | Translation |
|---|---|
| إِنْ | if can be used with past and present tense. |
| لَمْ | did not Only used with present tense, pushes meaning to past tense |
| لَمَّا | not yet if used with present tense it means ‘not yet’ if used with past tense it means ‘when’ |
| لِ | should |
How to make present tense verb lightest (مَجْزُوْمٌ)
To make the present tense lightest:
- If the present tense ends in a ــُـ ضَمَّةٌ then change it to ــْـ سُكُون .
- If the present tense ends in ن then remove the ن.
- The هُنَّ and أَنْتُنَّ versions do not change.
Worked Example 1: يَنْصُرْ → يَنْصُرُ
Consider the active present-tense verb يَنْصُرُ (he helps).
Step 1:
The last letter رُ carries a ــُـ ضَمَّةٌ.
According to Rule 1, replace this with a رْ→ ــْـ سُكُون
Final Result
يَنْصُرْ → يَنْصُرُ
Lets do this for the whole chart:
| Pronoun | مَرفُوعٌ Form | مَنْصُوْبٌ Form |
|---|---|---|
| هُوَ | يَنْصُرُ | يَنْصُرْ |
| هُمَا | يَنْصُرَانِ | يَنْصُرَا |
| هُمْ | يَنْصُرُونَ | يَنْصُرُوْا |
| هِيَ | تَنْصُرُ | تَنْصُرْ |
| هُمَا | تَنْصُرَانِ | تَنْصُرَا |
| هُنَّ | يَنْصُرْنَ | يَنْصُرْنَ (same) |
| أَنْتَ | تَنْصُرُ | تَنْصُرْ |
| أَنْتُمَا | تَنْصُرَانِ | تَنْصُرَا |
| أَنْتُمْ | تَنْصُرُونَ | تَنْصُرُوا |
| أَنْتِ | تَنْصُرِينَ | تَنْصُرِي |
| أَنْتُمَا | تَنْصُرَانِ | تَنْصُرَا |
| أَنْتُنَّ | تَنْصُرْنَ | تَنْصُرْنَ (same) |
| أَنَا | أَنْصُرُ | أَنْصُرْ |
| نَحْنُ | نَنْصُرُ | نَنْصُرْ |
n.b the هُمْ and أَنْتُمْ take an ا when the ن is removed.
Example from the Quran:
| Quran Example | Translation | مَنْصُوْبٌ Form |
|---|---|---|
| إِنَّكَ إِن تَذَرْهُمْ يُضِلُّوا عِبَادَكَ [71:27] | Indeed, if you leave the (then) they will mislead your servants | إِن تَذَرْهُمْ يُضِلُّوا |
| لَمْ تَجِدُوا كَاتِبًا [2:83] | All of you didn’t find a scribe | لَمْ تَجِدُوا |
| بَل لَّمَّا يَذُوقُوا۟ عَذَابِ [38:8] | Rather, they have not yet tasted My punishment | لَّمَّا يَذُوقُوا۟ |
| فَلْيَسْتَجِيبُوا۟ لِى وَلْيُؤْمِنُوا۟ بِى لَعَلَّهُمْ يَرْشُدُونَ [20:186] | Then (as a result) they should respond to Me and they should believe in Me that they may be (rightly) guided. | لْيَسْتَجِيبُوا۟ /لْيُؤْمِنُوا۟ |